The export regulations have a number of special rules for computer software. Under ITAR, certain software might expressly be listed on the USML. Other software might be controlled because it relates to the design process, operation, maintenance or other activities specifically related to USML articles.

Each category of technology in the EAR CCL has a special subcategory for computer software, with its own special rules. The EAR also has special rules for mass-market software. In addition, the EAR has some extensive rules for software (specifically “encryption software”) that performs security functions or uses such functions performed by other software or equipment.